Here's how to install CouchDB on CentOS (such as provided by one of my hosting providers, SilverRack):
rpm -Uvh http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-3.noarch.rpm
yum install couchdb
/etc/init.d/couchdb start
I shaved a few yaks before I figured this out so hope this saves you some time.
Note that there is a rare but serious bug in CouchDB 1.0.0, so if you install that version read the warning first.